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Beam Ion Species and Energies Used Previously at NSRL
 

Ion

Species [1]

 Energy [2]

 (MeV/nucleon)

 Maximum Intensity [3]

(ions per spill)

 LET [4]

(keV/m)
H-1 50 - 2500 6.4 x 1011 1.26 - 0.21
He-4 300 0.88 x 1010 1.413
C-12 135 - 1000 1.2 x 1010 21.21 - 8.01
O-16 100 - 1000 0.4 x 1010 47 - 14
Ne-20 300 0.10 x 1010 35.34
Si-28 94 - 1000 0.3 x 1010 151 - 44
Cl-35 500 - 1000 0.2 x 1010 80 - 64
Ar-40 350 0.02 x 1010 105.8
Ti-48 150 - 1000 0.08 x 1010 265 - 108
Fe-56 100 - 1000 0.2 x 1010 494 - 150
Kr-84 290   467
Xe-131 260   1114
Ta-181 310   1836
Au-197 100 - 165 1 x 107 4123 - 3066
Sequential

Field (Fe/H)

 1000 Various 150/0.2
Solar Particle Event 50 - 1000 Various 1.26 - 0.21

[1] Different isotopes of some ions are also available.  With the commissioning of EBIS, the Electron Beam Ion Source, virtually all ion species will be available.

[2] In general it has become fairly routine to change beam energy, and if a beam energy is not listed in this table, there is not necessarily any reason why it cannot be tuned up at the request of a user.

[3] Intensity per spill refers to the number of ions delivered each spill.  The spill structure during most radiobiology exposures has a 3.8 second repetition time.  During the 3.8 second period, the ions are extracted more or less uniformly in time during a 0.3-0.4 second spill, followed by a ~3.4 second beam-off time.  These intensities were achieved using the Tandem Van De Graaff as the ion source.  When using EBIS, the intensities are significantly lower.

[4] LET, or Linear Energy Transfer is calculated for a water target and is in units of keV per micron.  More detailed LET distributions can be viewed here.

 

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Last Modified: April 24, 2012
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DOE, Office of Science One of ten national laboratories overseen and primarily funded by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Brookhaven National Laboratory conducts research in the physical, biomedical, and environmental sciences, as well as in energy technologies and national security. Brookhaven Lab also builds and operates major scientific facilities available to university, industry and government researchers. Brookhaven is operated and managed for DOE's Office of Science by Brookhaven Science Associates, a limited-liability company founded by the Research Foundation for the State University of New York on behalf of Stony Brook University, the largest academic user of Laboratory facilities, and Battelle, a nonprofit, applied science and technology organization.

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