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Beam Ion Species and Energies Used Previously at NSRL
|
| Ion
Species [1] |
Energy [2] (MeV/nucleon) |
Maximum Intensity [3] (ions per spill) |
LET [4] (keV/m) |
| H-1 | 50 - 2500 | 6.4 x 1011 | 1.26 - 0.21 |
| He-4 | 300 | 0.88 x 1010 | 1.413 |
| C-12 | 135 - 1000 | 1.2 x 1010 | 21.21 - 8.01 |
| O-16 | 100 - 1000 | 0.4 x 1010 | 47 - 14 |
| Ne-20 | 300 | 0.10 x 1010 | 35.34 |
| Si-28 | 94 - 1000 | 0.3 x 1010 | 151 - 44 |
| Cl-35 | 500 - 1000 | 0.2 x 1010 | 80 - 64 |
| Ar-40 | 350 | 0.02 x 1010 | 105.8 |
| Ti-48 | 150 - 1000 | 0.08 x 1010 | 265 - 108 |
| Fe-56 | 100 - 1000 | 0.2 x 1010 | 494 - 150 |
| Kr-84 | 290 | 467 | |
| Xe-131 | 260 | 1114 | |
| Ta-181 | 310 | 1836 | |
| Au-197 | 100 - 165 | 1 x 107 | 4123 - 3066 |
| Sequential Field (Fe/H) |
1000 | Various | 150/0.2 |
| Solar Particle Event | 50 - 1000 | Various | 1.26 - 0.21 |
[1] Different isotopes of some ions are also available. With the commissioning of EBIS, the Electron Beam Ion Source, virtually all ion species will be available.
[2] In general it has become fairly routine to change beam energy, and if a beam energy is not listed in this table, there is not necessarily any reason why it cannot be tuned up at the request of a user.
[3] Intensity per spill refers to the number of ions delivered each spill. The spill structure during most radiobiology exposures has a 3.8 second repetition time. During the 3.8 second period, the ions are extracted more or less uniformly in time during a 0.3-0.4 second spill, followed by a ~3.4 second beam-off time. These intensities were achieved using the Tandem Van De Graaff as the ion source. When using EBIS, the intensities are significantly lower.
[4] LET, or Linear Energy Transfer is calculated for a water target and is in units of keV per micron. More detailed LET distributions can be viewed here.
Last Modified: April 24, 2012
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