Brookhaven Lecture

In 1986-87, when the speaker first became involved in neutrino studies at BNL, the GALLEX collaboration was forming and the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory was being built in Italy. The key scientific questions at that time were: First, is the solar neutrino deficit claimed by BNL's Ray Davis et al. real? And, second, if yes, then what is the explanation? At that time, only two neutrino experiments were operating: Ray�s chlorine-37 radiochemical neutrino detector in the U.S., and the real-time detector, Kamiokande, in Japan. Since then, several new experiments — GALLEX, SAGE, Super-Kamiokande, SNO (Sudbury Neutrino Observatory), and KamLAND — have obtained significant results that have greatly expanded our understanding of neutrino physics. SNO plus Super-Kamiokande solved the long-standing solar neutrino problem — and Ray Davis won the Nobel Prize. So, people in the neutrino field say that we have left the era of discovery and have recently entered an era of precision �New Physics," during which we will learn about the detailed properties of neutrinos, such as their masses and their mixing angles. In this talk, the speaker will review highlights of the last 20 years and discuss a few ideas for new precision neutrino experiments, some of which will involve collaborative efforts of his group in the Chemistry Department and colleagues in the Physics Department.