Hosted by: ''Christoph Lehner''

Hosted by: ''''Esther Takeuchi''''

To meet the high-energy requirement that can enable the 40-miles electric drive Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (P-HEVs), long range electric vehicle (EV) and smart grid, it is necessary to develop very high energy and high power cathodes and anodes that when combined in a battery system must offer 5,000 charge-depleting cycles, 15years calendar life as well as excellent abuse tolerance. These challenging requirements make it difficult for conventional battery systems to be adopted in P-HEVs and EVs. In this talk, we will first introduce the different energy storage programs funded by the US Department of Energy including the large DOE investment in Argonne National Laboratory to lead the battery program in the USA. We will then focus on next generation lithium ion battery that include Ni rich full gradient cathode, a high voltage and nonflammable electrolyte and Silicon composite anode including a novel pre-lithiation technology to overcome the irreversible loss of this anode in the first cycle. We will then finish by describing a novel lithium superoxide based close battery system that offer at least 3 times the energy density of the state of the Art lithium ion battery.

In the past few decades we have learned a great deal about the basic laws of Physics in the infinitely small – and the infinitely large – and how the two are intimately connected. New windows have expanded our understanding, and many unexpected questions have emerged. This is an exhilarating time in history. New tools, both theoretical and observational, may lead in the next decade to major advances in our understanding of the universe. As in the past, when major discoveries are made about the fundamental laws of Nature, not only is our view of the world enriched, but also our life is transformed. A good place to explore the discoveries from the past decades is in the description of symmetry, symmetry breaking and the Higgs boson in High Energy Physics: why, how and where to…. in a nutshell. These talks will present what we know and what we seek in the fundamental laws of Nature; how we go about answering basic questions in high energy experiments, how much we have learned, and how the technical developments needed to make discoveries have changed society. They will also delineate the boundaries of our knowledge and the known unknowns in fundamental high energy physics and cosmology.

Hosted by: '''Xin Qian'''

Radiation hardness of a 50µm thin YAG:Ce scintillator in a form of dependence of a signal efficiency on 3.1MeV proton ?uence was measured and analyzed using X-ray beam. The signal efficiency is a ratio of signals given by a CCD chip after and before radiation damage. The CCD chip was placed outside the primary beam because of its protection from damage which could be caused by radiation. Using simplified assumptions, the 3.1MeV proton fluencies were recalculated to: • 150 MeV proton fluencies with intention to estimate radiation damage of this sample under conditions at proton therapy centers during medical treatment, • 150 MeV proton doses with intention to give a chance to compare radiation hardness of the studied sample with radiation hardness of other detectors used in medical physics, • 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluencies with intention to compare radiation hardness of the studied sample with properties of position sensitive silicon and diamond detectors used in nuclear and particle physics. The following results of our research were obtained. The signal efficiency of the studied sample varies slightly (±3%) up to 3.1MeV proton ?uence of c. (4 − 8) × 1014 cm−2. This limit is equivalent to 150MeV proton ?uence of (5 − 9) × 1016 cm−2, 150MeV proton dose of (350 − 600) kGy and 1MeV neutron ?uence of (1 − 2) × 1016 cm−2. Beyond the limit, the signal efficiency goes gradually down. Fifty percent decrease in the signal efficiency is reached around 3.1MeV ?uence of (1 − 2) × 1016 cm−2 which is equivalent to 150 MeV proton ?uence of around 2 × 1018 cm−2, 150MeV proton dose of around 15 MGy and 1 MeV neutron equivalent ?uence of (4 − 8) × 1017 cm−2. In contrast with position sensitive silicon and diamond radiation detectors, the studied sample has at least two order of magnitude greater radiation resistance. Therefore, YAG:Ce sci

Hosted by: ''''''''''John Hill''''''''

Progress on particle beam physics research have provided marked improvements in beam intensity, brightness, and stability advancing frontier research in applied and fundamental science. This talk will review some beam measurements and manipulation studies being undertaken to improve beam performance in storage rings. Hopefully, these studies will be relevant to the operation and improvement of National Accelerator User Facilities.

Hosted by: ''Deyu Lu''

First-principles studies often rely on the assumption of equilibrium, which can be a poor approximation, e.g., for epitaxial growth. Here, we propose a general effective chemical potential (μ ¯) approach for non-equilibrium systems. It incorporates growth kinetics into the chemical potential, while maintaining its correct equilibrium limits. In studying molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), we divide the process into three stages: pre-nucleation, nucleation, island growth, and focus our efforts on the first two. For the pre-nucleation stage, we solve the rate equations for small clusters on the surface, which serve as the feedstock for the growth, and find that μ ¯ is determined by the most probable, rather than by the lowest-energy, clusters. While this finding contradicts the equilibrium theory (which is in favor of the lowest-energy state), it reinforces the fundamental principle of statistic mechanics. In the case of Bi2Se3, μ ¯ is found to be highly supersaturated. As μ ¯ determines the nucleation barrier for the nucleation stage, this supersaturation leads to a high nucleus concentration and small-sized islands, in qualitative agreement with experiment.

Hosted by: 'Christoph Lehner'

Hosted by: ''Ron Pindak''

In search for new and improved materials, composites and super-alloys capable of withstanding the anticipated extreme states associated fusion reactors; high temperature fast reactors and multi-MW particle accelerators, novel reactor steels, super-alloys and composites are continuously being explored to help meet both the challenge of the higher demand environments and the intended application. Higher fluxes and fluences of irradiating species (neutrons and/or protons), extreme temperatures and aggressively corrosive environments make up the new cocktail of operating conditions of the new array of material structures. One of the challenges in characterizing the effects that high radiation fluxes of neutrons and protons induce on these novel material structures in conjunction with high temperatures is the link between lattice induced damage and phase transformation and macroscopic physical properties which ultimately determine performance in the real environment. High energy X-rays at the BNL synchrotrons have offered a path in establishing this important connection between micro-scale effects and physical properties of novel material structures exposed to high radiation fluxes. Specifically, by integrating the unique capabilities of the BNL accelerator complex that includes, in addition to the NSLS and NSLS II, the proton accelerator and Tandem as well as those of CFN, the evolution and/or damage of materials ranging from classical structures such as graphite, beryllium and steels to novel super-alloys, such as those of Invar and "Gum" metal, and new composites have been characterized both at the two length scales. The pivotal role of high energy X-rays from NSLS to NSLS II in making the connection will be presented demonstrating the enormous potential of the NSLS II in answering fundamental questions in our path towards the next generation nuclear materials. Furthermore, first glimpses of the correlation of lattice effects or damage induced by differ

Hosted by: '''Javier Concepcion'''

Our group is interested in the mechanisms of the catalytic reactions in both natural and inorganic systems. Using various X-ray techniques as tools, we are studying how the catalysts modulate and control multielectron reactions by following the reaction under functional conditions. We have developed spectroscopy and diffraction techniques necessary to fully utilize the capability of the XFELs for a wide variety of metalloenzymes, and to study their chemistry under functional conditions. One of such methods is simultaneous data collection for X-ray crystallography and X-ray spectroscopy, to determine the overall structural changes of proteins and the chemical changes at metal catalytic sites. In parallel to the detection techniques, we have developed an efficient sample delivery method that involves deposition of droplets on a conveyor belt. This 'Droplet on Tape' (DOT) method, delivers a single drop of the crystal suspension or solution sample onto a tape, which then can be transported to the X ray intersection point with a variable delay in time. In the process, the sample is photochemically or chemically activated at various time delays to capture reaction intermediates with crystallography and spectroscopy. In the field of inorganic catalysts, improved catalysts for electroreduction of carbon dioxide are highly important for promoting the generation of carbon-based reduction products. To gain a fundamental understanding needed to tailor novel catalysts, in particular for the selectivity of the products, the information of the early steps of the electroreduction process on catalyst surfaces is important. We have optimized and utilized surface-sensitive soft and hard X-ray techniques, including grazing incident X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ambient pressure X-ray photoemission spectroscopy to investigate the interaction of metal catalytic surfaces with electrolytes and/or gases (CO2 and/or H2O) under in situ/operando conditions.

Hosted by: ''Sushil Sharma and Mary Carlucci-Dayton''

Mechanical design constraints in many cases can present difficult and unintended motion control challenges in many instruments such as frontend slits, insertion devices, mirrors and monochromators. Design decisions for meeting science requirements often times introduce control stability issues that seldom arise in non-scientific equipment. The Delta Tau motion system is an extremely versatile platform for this control, but also presents a severe learning curve as a result of the versatility. This presentation will demonstrate how subtle geometry effects can create large control problems, and how to look for those subtle "opportunities."

Hosted by: 'Peter Petreczky'

Transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) distributions describe the configuration of quarks and gluons inside protons and nuclei in three-dimensional momentum space. Observables in scattering experiments can be calculated with the help of TMD factorization formulas, where the target and projectile are represented with non-perturbative TMD distributions, which are separated from the short-distance perturbative part of the collision. A complementary approach to study the momentum structure of protons and nuclei at high energy is the Color Glass Condensate which is an effective theory for the high-gluon-density region of ultra-relativistic particles. We introduce both theories and we discuss connections between them. We present phenomenological results derived from these connections.

Hosted by: ''Kerstin Kleese van Dam''

Matrix and tensor factorization techniques are important data analysis tools with numerous applications in recommender systems, text processing, data mining, and image processing. Matrix factorization is a dimension reduction method that extracts features and provides low-rank matrix approximation; while tensor factorization extends these properties to multidimensional arrays. In this talk, we will discuss the following three topics: 1) An efficient algorithm that improves time efficiency and scalability of tensor factorization. We will present a technique to speed up alternating least squares and gradient descent - two commonly used strategies for tensor factorization. By using the properties of Khatri-Rao product, we show how to efficiently address a computationally challenging sub-step of both algorithms, and how to implement the algorithm on parallel machines. 2) Application of matrix factorization for hand pose estimation. We will discuss how a joint matrix factorization and completion algorithm can be used to estimate the unknown joint angle parameters in hand pose estimation. We will conclude the talk by discussing future work on matrix factorization in streaming mode with limited memory. 3) Asynchronous matrix factorization. We will discuss how the distributed matrix factorization avoids bulk synchronization after every iteration.

HI intensity mapping is emerging as a new and promising cosmological probe for both the large-scale structure and the early Universe. In preparation for the many large radio projects that are coming online, we launched the Bleien Galactic Survey project as an exercise to test new (and fun) techniques that could develop into useful tools in future surveys. I will first introduce the background science and basic setup of the experiment, and then touch upon two particularly interesting ideas — calibrating the telescope beam using drones, and RFI mitigation with state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms. Dr. Chang will also give a particle physics seminar entitled "Mapping the Cosmos with the Dark Energy Survey" on Sept. 14 at 3:00 p.m. in the Bldg. 510 Small Seminar Room.

Hosted by: ''Hiromichi Nishimura''

Multi-particle correlations measured in heavy-ion collision experiments carry info on fluctuations present in the entire evolutionary history of the system. Initial states include geometric and quantum fluctuations and are important contributors. The thermal fluctuations during the course of QGP evolution is another conceptually important source of these fluctuations and should be studied in detail. We begin by treating thermal fluctuations as a linearized perturbation on hydrodynamic background. We present a full calculation of hadronic and photonic observables including these fluctuations. Recently we have included fluctuations in our simulations in a non-perturbative manner. Progress based on this approach will be discussed.

Hosted by: '''Erin Sheldon'''

The first year data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES Y1) provides the most powerful optical survey dataset to date. In this talk I will first give an overall summary of the cosmology results from the DES Y1 dataset combining galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing. Next, I will describe our work in generating and testing the wide-field weak lensing mass maps from the galaxy shape measurements and some exciting applications for the maps. I will end with thoughts on how weak lensing could also inform us on various topics of galaxy formation, which is essential for completing the story behind the Universe we see today.

Hosted by: ''Heikki Mantysaari''

Starting from the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) cross section for dijet production in proton-nucleus collisions we derive a transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization formula for small transverse-momentum imbalance of the jets and for finite number of colors. For the eight TMD distributions appearing in the cross section we determine their operator definitions at small-x as CGC correlators of Wilson lines and we study their JIMWLK evolution. We find that at large transverse momentum the universality of TMDs gets restored. We also discuss an extension of the approach to generalized TMDs (GTMDs) that can give an insight into the angular correlations between impact parameter and dipole size in the CGC framework.

Hosted by: 'Mike Jensen'

Deep moist convection plays a pivotal role ranging from daily weather impacts to long-term climatic feedbacks. The height and depth of deep convection are particularly important parameters for studies focusing on convective mass transport. Deep convection has the potential to rapidly transport mass and chemical constituents from the boundary layer into the upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric layer. Depending on whether convection is able to reach and penetrate the tropopause has significant implications on whether mass is rapidly transported into the troposphere or the stratosphere, where long residence times can alter the chemical budget and have important effects on climate. Nevertheless, accurately identifying the dynamic convective detrainment height is not easily achieved and commonly used methods contain considerable limitations or assumptions. Observations, such as taken by satellite or aircraft, are typical limited temporally and/or spatially. To account for limited observations, focus is either directed on the use of parcel theory or chemical modeling; however, assumptions in parcel theory are often invalid in observed convection and limited knowledge is available on the accuracy of simulated storm depths and heights. To enhance our understanding and enable more common retrievals of convective detrainment heights, a methodology utilizing the reflectivity field from ground-based radars is used to locate the detrainment envelope and level of maximum detrainment (LMD). A new radar classification algorithm that uses three-dimensional radar observations to stratify radar echo is used to identify suitable regions of convectively-generated anvil, which are used as a proxy for dynamic detrainment. The methodology is validated against dual-Doppler observations and preliminary results of applying the methodology to several months of volumetric radar composites are presented. Additionally, four months of convective forecasts are evaluated to determine the ac

ALICE is preparing a major upgrade for 2021. All subdetectors upgrading their counting room DAQ electronics will use a common hardware to receive physics data: the Common Readout Unit (CRU). The CRU is a PC based readout card featuring an Intel Arria 10 FPGA, up to 48 full duplex optical links with a maximum line rate of 10 Gbit/s, and a Gen3 x16 PCIe interface for host connectivity. The same CRU will also distribute the LHC clock and trigger synchronously to most of the upgrading subdetectors (to ~7800 front end cards). Details of the CRU readout card, its usage in ALICE, and the current status and future plans for hardware production, FPGA firmware, and readout software will be presented.

Hosted by: ''Robert Konik''

I will discuss two very recent results relating to the properties of electrons in two spatial dimensions (2D), subject to the effects of quenched disorder (impurities) and quantum interference [Anderson (de)localization]. In both cases, the key physics is tied to classical geometric critical phenomena in 2D. I will first present numerical evidence that strongly suggests the equivalence of disordered surface states of topological superconductors and geometric percolation. Percolation is known to play a role in quantum Hall systems with magnetic fields. Our unexpected result implies that percolation applies to topological superconductor surface states in the absence of time-reversal symmetry breaking. Moreover, the usual "even-odd" effect that occurs in such a system (as identified by Pruisken in the integer quantum Hall effect and by Haldane for spin chains) is found to be absent. Second, I will discuss a "toy model" for the ergodic to many-body localized phase transition in 2D, and relate it to an effective self-interacting walk. I will present analytical results of a controlled expansion which suggest that the transition can be viewed as a "dephasing catastrophe."

Hosted by: 'Alessandro Tricoli'

Most Higgs bosons are expected to decay to a pair of b-quarks, with the Standard Model predicting a branching fraction of about 58%. Probing this decay is important to furthering our understanding of the Higgs sector, but its observation at hadron colliders is complicated by overwhelming Standard Model backgrounds. In this seminar, the search for the Higgs to bb decay, looking at the associated production of the Higgs boson with a W or Z boson, is presented, based on 36 fb-1 of 13 TeV LHC Run 2 data.

Hosted by: '''Yimei Zhu'''

Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy (U-TEM) has become a very important tool for the study of ultrafast phenomena at (sub-)nm length scales and (sub-)ps time scales. U-TEM is usually based on the creation of ultrashort electron pulses by femtosecond laser photoemission from a flat cathode, with the result that both the beam quality and the average current are significantly less than in state-of-the-art continuous-beam TEMs. At Eindhoven University we have developed U-TEM in which ultrashort electron pulses are produced by using a 3 GHz deflecting microwave cavity in TM110 mode to sweep a high-brightnes continuous beam across a slit [1]. We have demonstrated ultrafast beam chopping with conservation of the beam quality and the sub-eV energy spread of the FEG source of an adapted 200 keV Tecnai TEM, enabling atomic resolution with sub-ps temporal resolution at 3 GHz rep rate [2] In addition we have developed a new method for doing Time-of-Flight Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (ToF-EELS) based on the combined use of two TM110 deflecting cavities and two TM010 (de)compression cavities. The first 'chopping' TM110 cavity produces ultrashort electron pulses which are sent through a sample. Energy loss in the sample translates into reduction of the electron velocity and thus into a later arrival time at the detector, which is measured with a synchronized second TM110 'streak' cavity. In this way an energy resolution of 12 eV at 30 keV has been demonstrated [3]. By adding a TM010 (de)compression cavity after the sample, the longitudinal phase space can be manipulated in such a way that the energy resolution is improved to 2 eV (to be published). By adding a second TM110 cavity before the sample, full control over the longitudinal phase space can be achieved. Detailed charged particle tracking simulations show that an energy resolution of 20 meV combined with a temporal resolution of 2 ps can be achieved; or, alternatively, 2