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No events scheduled
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NSLS-II Colloquium Series
"Superconductivity: Where we are and where we are going"
Presented by Prof. Robert Cava, Princeton University, NJ
Thursday, December 13, 2018, 4 pm
Hamilton Seminar Room, Bldg. 555Hosted by: John Hill
The discovery of superconductivity, the transmission of electrical current with zero energy loss, recently passed its 100th anniversary. This truly remarkable property of matter, found at cryogenic temperatures, has made its way into a variety of important uses in modern society, but nature has not yet given us the ultimate practical material that will change the world through its lossless transmission of electrical energy over long distances. Research on this complex problem in materials science persists in the world at many levels, and progress is continuously made on both scientific and practical fronts, in spite of the impatience that is often displayed by both the scientific and lay public. In this talk I will briefly describe where we are in this field, and how we got here, and describe the vision that some have had for where we should be going. Because my personal research is in the discovery of new superconducting materials, only one facet among the larger set of fundamental and practical issues currently under study, the talk will be given from that perspective.
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar
"Magnetic skyrmions at room temperature - statics, dynamics, and high resolution imaging"
Presented by Dr. Felix Buttner, Dept of Mat Sci & Eng , MIT
Friday, December 7, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg 743 Room 156Hosted by: Ignace Jarrige
Magnetic skyrmions are the smallest non-trivial entities in magnetism with great potential for data storage applications. These chiral and topological quasi-particles furthermore exhibit fascinating static and dynamical properties that render them the ideal candidates to study new physics in high spin-orbit coupling materials. In this talk, I will first give a general introduction to the field of skyrmionics and the fundamental properties of skyrmions that derive from their energetics. I will then discuss various ways of creating and stabilizing room-temperature skyrmions experimentally, as well as how we can move them and observe their topological dynamics via high resolution time-resolved x-ray imaging. I will conclude with perspectives of future research in this field and related areas.
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar
"A Novel Stripe Phase in Bi-2212 Cuprate"
Presented by Yang Ding, Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, China
Friday, November 30, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg 743 Room 156Hosted by: Ignace Jarrige
High-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) is one of the most important discoveries at contemporary condensed matter physics. However, its mechanism is still unclear. One way to approach this problem is to search for the controlling parameters of HTSC transition temperature Tc. In this presentation, we will introduce a novel type stripe phase in Bi2212 that is revealed by nano-imaging technique. Intriguingly, the evolution of the stripe phase is in coincidence with the change of Tc, which implies a correlation between the Tc and the optimal inhomogeneity in the cuprate.
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NSLS-II Seminar
"Structure/Properties of Thin Film Composite Membranes for Water Purification"
Presented by Christopher M. Stafford, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD
Tuesday, November 20, 2018, 11 am
NSLS-II Bldg. 744Hosted by: Ben Ocko
Access to sustainable sources of clean water is critical to manufacturing, agriculture, energy production, public health, and national security. One prominent technology for meeting this need is membrane-based separations of water and dissolved contaminants/solutes via nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. This field is dominated by polymer-based membranes and has relied on complex, empirically optimized chemistries and structures based on material selections made decades ago. The resulting processes are energy intensive and suffer from limited performance lifetimes. We are bringing our deep expertise in measurement science and polymer science to address this critical technology, specifically by establishing fundamental structure/property relationships that correlate membrane topology and dynamics to membrane performance. In this talk, I will describe our recent efforts in synthesizing model membrane materials based on molecular layer-by-layer deposition of aromatic polyamide networks, as well as our measurements of swelling, crosslink density and mechanics of both model and commercial membrane materials. This understanding will enable industry to develop and manufacture next generation, energy-efficient membrane materials.
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar
"Delivering Focused, Rapidly Tunable, Stable Monochromatic X-Rays to the GSECARS APS 13-ID-E Microprobe Endstation"
Presented by Peter J. Eng, CARS and JFI, University of Chicago
Friday, November 9, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156Hosted by: Ignace Jarrige
With the APS-U scheduled for 2023 GSECARS, is designing and testing enhancements to beamline instrumentation to optimize the benefits of this upgraded source. The sector 13-ID-E microprobe endstation studies a wide range of environmental, earth and planetary problems, requiring a rich array of techniques and instrumentation. Central to the success of this program is the insertion device and the x-ray optics that produce, monochromate and focus the beam on the sample. All aspects of this system are under review. Design efforts are focused on 1) managing the increased total power and power density of the APS-U undulator source; 2) improved beam and sample stability; 3) improved focusing optics; and 4) rapid and high duty cycle scanning of the incident beam energy. This is an ongoing development effort with a number of enhancements schedule to be installed in the 1st quarter of 2019. Other components are in the design or prototype phase, drawing on collaboration between universities, national labs and industry.
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar
"Materials Tribology: An Application-Driven Field with Rich Opportunities for Fundamental Studies of Surface Chemistry, Physics, Structure"
Presented by Brandon A. Krick, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University
Friday, November 2, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156Hosted by: Ignace Jarrige
The significant economic (~3-6% of developed countries GDP) and environmental (several percent of our annual energy consumption) impacts of friction and wear make tribology is an important, application-driven field. However, there is an opportunity and need for inherently fundamental studies on surface chemistry, physics and structure to elucidate fundamental mechanisms for friction and wear. The non-equilibrium and transient nature of shear-induced changes caused by contacting surfaces in relative motion requires both in situ and ex situ advanced characterization techniques; many of these only available at the light source at Brookhaven. A brief overview of shear-induced (sliding friction/wear) alterations of surfaces will be presented for material systems including: - environmental and tribochemistry molybdenum disulphide based coatings for space applications - shear-induced band bending in GaN - mechanochemistry of polymer nanocomposites
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar
"RIXS study of the charge and magnetic evolution in La2-xCexCuO4 combi-film"
Presented by Xuerong Liu, Shanghai Tech University, China
Friday, October 19, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156Hosted by: Ignace Jarrige
Different from the simple one-band Hubbard model prediction, it has been recognized that the cuprate superconductors are electron-hole asymmetric. Recent RIXS work on the electron-doped Nd2-xCexCuO4 by K. Ishii et al. [1] and W. S. Lee et al. [2] reported a hardening of the spin excitations and the emergence of a charge excitation mode. Both these observations are in distinct contrast to that reported on the hole doped side, and brought attention again to the profound electron-hole asymmetry issue in the cuprates. Taking the advantage of a La2-xCexCuO4 combi-film, namely a film with large range doping gradient distribution, we studied the evolution of the charge and magnetic excitations from optimal- to over-doping systematically in fine steps. Our results establish the universality of the previous observation for the electron-doped cuprates. And more importantly, the doping dependent evolutions show that the magnetic and charge excitations are not the two faces of a coin. Rather, the spin-correlation roots in the short range correlation, and the charge-fluctuation stems from long range Coulomb interaction. [1] K. Ishii et al, Nat. Commun. 5, 3714 (2014). [2] W. S. Lee et al, Nat. Phys. 10, 883 (2014).
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NSLS-II Friday Seminar Series
"Chasing Protons in Lithium Batteries"
Presented by Zonghai Chen, Argonne National Laboratory
Friday, October 12, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156Hosted by: Ignace Jarrige
Nickel-rich lithium transition metal oxides have been recently considered as one of most promising cathode materials for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. However, the instability of the cathode electrolyte interface has been the major technological barrier for the development of nickel-rich cathodes. The early research has simply assigned this interfacial instability to the electrochemical oxidation of the commonly used carbonate solvents without much discussion on the nature of the parasitic reactions. A proprietary high precision electrochemical system was built in-house to quantitatively measure the rate and kinetics of the side reactions between the delithiated cathode and the non-aqueous electrolyte. Our results clearly indicated the dominant chemical reaction within the working potential window is the chemical, not electrochemical, reaction between the intermediate phase of cathode and the electrolyte, generating locally concentrated protons at the surface of the cathode materials. Figure 1 shows a generic mechanism of parasitic reactions occurring at the interface of cathode materials. Additional help from advanced characterization tools, such as synchrotron probes, will be also be discussed.
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NSLS-II Colloquium Series
"Biophysical Studies of an RNA Virus particle and its Maturation: Insights into an Elegantly Programmed Nano-machine"
Presented by John E. (Jack) Johnson, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute
Thursday, October 11, 2018, 4 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510Hosted by: John Hill
Nudaurelia Capensis ? Virus (N?V) is a eukaryotic, quasi-equivalent, RNA virus, with a T=4 surface lattice, where maturation is dramatic (a change in particle size of 100Å) and is novel in that it can be investigated in vitro. Here we use X-ray crystallography, biochemistry, Small Angle X-ray Scattering, and electron cryo-microscopy and image reconstruction (CryoEM), to characterize maturation intermediates, an associated auto-catalytic cleavage, the kinetics of morphological change and to demonstrate that regions of N?V subunit folding are maturation-dependent and occur at rates determined by their quasi-equivalent position in the capsid. Matsui, T., Lander, G. C., Khayat, R., and Johnson, J. E. 2010. Subunits fold at position-dependent rates during maturation of a eukaryotic RNA virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:14111-5. Veesler, D., and Johnson, J.E. 2012. Virus Maturation. Annual review of biophysics 41:473-496. Doerschuk, P. C., Gong, Y., Xu, N., Domitrovic, T., and Johnson, J. E. 2016. Virus particle dynamics derived from CryoEM studies. Curr Opin Virol 18:57-63.
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NSLS-II Friday Seminar
"Highly Active and Stable Carbon Nanosheets Supported Iron Oxide for Fischer-Tropsch to Olefins Synthesis"
Presented by Congjun Wang, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA
Friday, October 5, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156Hosted by: Ignace Jarrige
Light olefins production utilizes the energy intensive process of steam cracking. Fischer-Tropsch to olefins (FTO) synthesis potentially offers a more sustainable alternative. Here we show a promising FTO catalyst comprised of iron oxide nanoparticles supported on carbon nanosheets (CNS) fabricated from the carbonization of potassium citrate, which incorporates well dispersed K-promoter throughout the CNS support. This catalyst exhibits, to the best of our knowledge, the highest iron time yield of 1790–1990 μmolCO/gFe•s reported in the literature, 41% light olefins selectivity, and over 100 hours stable activity, making it one of the best performing FTO catalysts. Detailed characterization, including synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy, illustrates that the CNS support facilitates iron oxide reduction to metallic iron, leading to efficient transformation to the active iron carbide phase during FTO reaction. Since K is a commonly used promoter, our K-promoted CNS support potentially has broad utility beyond the FTO reactions demonstrated in the current study.
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar
"Shape-Symmetry Incommensurate Polymer Crystals Directed by Liquid-liquid Interface"
Presented by Prof. Christopher Li, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University
Friday, September 28, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156Hosted by: Ignace Jarrige
Crystallization is ubiquitous in nature and semicrystalline polymers are of crucial importance in our daily life. Compared with small molecules, polymers crystallize via a more complex pathway because of their long chain nature and various metastable states associated with polymer crystals. In this talk, I will show that this complex conformational change of polymer chains upon crystallization can be employed to design and fabricate functional nanomaterials. We will focus on crystallization directed by liquid/liquid interface. Not only can this type of dynamic interface direct the crystallization pathway, it can also alter chain packing in the final crystals, leading to intriguing macroscopic properties. In particular, curved interface, which is incommensurate with the classical translation symmetry, frustrates chain packing, and induced defect formation, a topic that will be discussed in the context of recently reported spherical crystallography.
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NSLS-II Friday Luncheon Seminar
"X-ray sparse-angle Bragg ptychography"
Presented by Dr. Peng Li, Institut Fresnel (CNRS), Marseille, France
Friday, September 21, 2018, 12:30 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156Hosted by: Ignace Jarrige
X-ray Bragg ptychography is a scanning coherent diffraction imaging microscopy technique that can produce 3D maps of the crystalline structure of an extended nanostructured crystal at about 10nm resolution. With sparse-angle Bragg ptychography, the 3D maps can be extracted from an extremely undersampled data-set. This new strategy substantially reduces the acquisition time and mitigates problems, linked to radiation damage and instabilities, faced by conventional Bragg ptychography. However, the success of the image reconstruction is based on a good knowledge of the probe, whose uncertainties degrade the object reconstruction. In this talk, we solve this problem by proposing a simultaneous reconstruction of the probe and object functions. This is based on a strong but natural constraint of the probe properties. We demonstrate our approach on a He-implanted poly-crystalline Tungsten sample measured at ID01-ESRF. These findings open new possibilities for this imaging technique.
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NSLS-II Seminar
"X-ray spectroscopy of transition metal oxides"
Presented by Frank de Groot, Utrecht University, Netherlands
Thursday, August 23, 2018, 11 am
NSLS-II Building 744 Room 156Hosted by: Lisa Miller
Some new developments in x-ray absorption (XAS) and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) will be discussed. An introduction is given of XAS, including the oxygen K edge, metal K edge and metal L edge [1,2]. The main part of the talk deals with resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) In 2p3d RIXS one scans through the 2p XAS edge and measures the low energy excitations, including phonons, magnons, dd-excitations and charge transfer. The 100 meV resolved 2p3d RIXS spectra of ruby (Cr3+ in Al2O3), Fe3O4 and LaCoO3 will be discussed [3,4]. The present experimental resolution of 30 to 100 meV allows the detailed observation of the electronic structure, including the determination of crystal field parameters, covalency parameters and spin-orbit coupling, but also the momentum dependence of magnons and other low energy excitations. Related to the RIXS measurements is the analysis of Fluorescence yield (FY) detected x-ray absorption spectra (XAS), including the intrinsic deviations of FY-XAS spectral shape from the XAS spectrum that is important for measurements with x-ray free electron lasers [5,6]. [1] Core Level Spectroscopy of Solids Frank de Groot and Akio Kotani (Taylor & Francis CRC press, 2008) [2] Download the x-ray spectroscopy simulation software at http://www.anorg.chem.uu.nl/CTM4XAS/ [3] Huang et al. Nature Comm. 8, 15929 (2017). [4] Tomiyasu et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 196402 (2017) [5] F.M.F. de Groot, Nature Chemistry 4, 766 (2012) [6] Mitzner et al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 3641 (2013)
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NSLS-II Colloquium Series
"Mulling over Nanoemulsions: Interfacial Molecular Structure, Stabilization and Assembly"
Presented by Prof. Geraldine (Geri) Richmond, University of Oregon
Thursday, August 9, 2018, 4 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510Hosted by: John Hill
Nanoemlusions are finding numerous applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, food production, materials synthesis and cosmetics. With the search for broader and improved usage of these unique droplets comes the need to better understand the molecular interactions at the surface that lead to their stabilization. This presentation will focus on our most recent efforts in measuring the molecular structure of the oil-water interface and the unique environment it provides for adsorption of molecules, surfactants and macromolecules at both planar and nanoemulsion oil/water interfaces. The studies are a combination of spectroscopic and thermodynamic measurements coupled with theoretical simulations.
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Series
"Investigating slow kinetic processes using synchrotron radiation: A case study of cement hydration in nuclear waste cements"
Presented by Claire L. Corkhill, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
Friday, June 29, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Room 156Hosted by: M. Abeykoon, S. Chodankar, B. Ocko, J. Thieme, G. Wang
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NSLS-II Seminar
"Understanding microstructure evolution in lithium battery electrodes through coupled modeling and experiments"
Presented by Ming Tang, Dept of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TZ
Monday, May 7, 2018, 11 am
NSLS-II Bldg. 744 Room 156Hosted by: Yong Chu & Jun Wang
Like most materials, there exist very rich microstructure evolution phenomena in lithium battery electrode compounds during battery operation. Elucidating such phenomena through combined modeling and characterization including synchrotron-based techniques could yield valuable insights on how electrode structure should be designed and tailored at the mesoscale to enable stepwise improvement in battery performance. In this talk, I will first present our recent study on the unique aspects of phase transformation kinetics in Li-ion battery electrodes, using LiFePO4 as a model system. Through combined phase-field modeling and transmission x-ray microscopic observation of Li deintercalation process in LiFePO4 microrods, we discovered that intercalation-induced phase transformations can proceed in several distinct kinetic modes with varied electrochemical conditions and particle geometry. In particular, a hybrid mode, in which phase growth is surface-reaction-limited or bulk-diffusion-limited along different directions, is revealed for the first time. In the surface-reaction-limited transformation regime, we predict a surprising effect of antisite defects on accelerating phase boundary migration velocity by two orders of magnitude over defect-free LiFePO4 due to defect-induced increase in the surface reaction area. This finding suggests defect engineering as a fruitful approach to enhance the rate performance of intercalation compounds. The second part of this talk concerns the fundamental mechanism of dendrite growth on Li metal surface during electroplating, which presents a major challenge to the adoption of Li metal anodes in rechargeable batteries. Combining Li electroplating experiments and modeling, we obtained a key insight that Li dendrite growth is a stress-driven process, which is initiated by the compressive residual stress developed in deposited Li during battery cycling. Accordingly, elimination of the plating stress, e.g. via the use of soft substrate for Li
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Brookhaven Women In Science Speaker
"The Exciting World of Molecules: An Image From Within Using Light Sources and Free Electron Lasers"
Nora Berrah, University of Connecticut
Thursday, April 26, 2018, 4 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510Professor Berrah, chair of the University of Connecticut Physics Department, will take us on a fascinating voyage through the molecular world. All that surrounds us is ultimately made of atoms and molecules; these materials are not static—they are dynamic and move. Berrah uses x-rays from light sources and free electron lasers (FELs) to study how they move, why they move, and what it means to us. During her talk, she will share her recent studies on fullerenes, a molecule that may be used for drug delivery systems to the body, in lubricants, and as catalysts. Nora is the recipient of numerous awards. She recently received the Davisson-Germer Prize from the American Physical Society. Nora is also an active member of COACh, an organization that is working to increase the number of women scientists and engineers, and the success of their careers, through innovative programs and strategies. Coffee and cookies will be available at 3:30 p.m.
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NSLS-II Friday Luncheon Seminar
"Macromolecular Interactions in Polymer-based Complex Fluids"
Presented by Sudipta Gupta, Louisiana Consortium for Neutron Scattering, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA
Friday, April 20, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156Hosted by: M. Abeykoon, S. Chodankar, B. Ocko, T. Tanabe, J. Thieme
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NSLS-II Colloquium Series
"Sustainable chemical energy storage: critiques and crystallography"
Presented by William (Bill) David, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Thursday, April 12, 2018, 4 pm
Physics Bldg. 510 Large Seminar RoomHosted by: John Hill
Our increasing dependence on intermittent renewable energy production places a greater focus on the development of novel, affordable energy storage. The recent emphasis on electrochemical storage, and on lithium batteries in particular, addresses a significant component of our future energy storage requirements but future low-carbon energy scenarios must utilise a broad range of storage options. This talk will focus on several examples the underline the role that synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction can play in the understanding of both electrochemical and chemical energy storage systems.
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar Series
"Automated robot based systems for crystallography on beamlines and in laboratories: developments performed on FIP-BM30A at the ESRF"
Presented by Jean-Luc Ferrer, IBS, Grenoble, France
Friday, March 30, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156Hosted by: M. Abeykoon, S. Chodankar, B. Ocko, T. Tanabe, J. Thieme
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar Series
"Probing crystal structures of complex materials using the atomic Pair Distribution Function"
Presented by Milinda Abeykoon, NSLS-II
Friday, March 2, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156Hosted by: Ben Ocko, Shirish Chodankar, Milinda Abeykoon, Juergen Thieme and Guimei Wang
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar Series
"Using X-ray Fluorescence Microprobe to Elucidate the Chemistry of Trace Elements in Soils and Plants"
Presented by Ryan Tappero, NSLS-II
Friday, February 23, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156Hosted by: M. Abeykoon, S. Chodankar, B. Ocko, T. Tanabe, J. Thieme
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar
"Tender-Energy Spectromicroscopy Applications to Natural and Engineered Materials: the Spectromicroscopy Paradox"
Presented by Paul Northrup, NSLS-II
Friday, February 16, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg 743 Rm 156Hosted by: M. Abeykoon, S. Chodankar, B. Ocko, T. Tanabe, J. Thieme
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar Series
"Combining high energy x-ray diffraction techniques with laser-induced fluorescence in operando catalysis"
Presented by Uta Hejral, Lund University, Sweden
Friday, February 2, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II Bldg. 743 Rm 156Hosted by: M. Abeykoon, S. Chodankar, B. Ocko, T. Tanabe, J. Thieme
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NSLS-II Friday Lunchtime Seminar Series
"Revolutionizing synchrotron science: the National Synchrotron Light Source" and "Nanofabrication of Hard X-ray Optics for the APS and APS-Upgrade"
Presented by John Hill and Michael Wojcik, NSLS-II at BNL and APS at ANL
Friday, January 19, 2018, 12 pm
NSLS-II, Bldg. 743 Room 156Hosted by: Ben Ocko, Shirish Chodankar, Milinda Abeykoon, Juergen Thieme and Guimei Wang
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NSLS-II Colloquium Series
"Development of insertion devices at SOLEIL"
Presented by Marie Emmanuelle Couprie, SOLEIL, France
Thursday, January 11, 2018, 4 pm
Large Seminar Room, Bldg. 510Hosted by: John Hill
Insertion devices (undulators and wigglers) are essential components for accelerator based light sources, such as synchrotron radiation facilities implemented on storage rings and free electron lasers. The wide panoply of insertion devices developed at Synchrotron SOLEIL (electromagnetic, combined permanent magnet and electromagnetic for rapid switching of the polarization, permanent magnet APPLE-II, hybrid in-vacuum and cryogenic undulators, out and in-vacuum wigglers) enables to cover a very wide spectral range (from the UV to the hard X-rays), and to provide flexibility for the users of the SOLEIL third generation light source. Starting from the description of the developments carried out at SOLEIL on the different types of systems, some future perspectives will be given, considering the evolution of the specifications of the different light source types. The use of the undulator radiation for photon beam based alignment and adjustment (such as taper) will be discussed. Furthermore, undulator radiation can serve as an electron beam diagnostic and provide a further insight on the electron beam quality itself, as illustrated in the case of the COXINEL project, using laser plasma acceleration.
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