Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko, Shirish Chodankar, Milinda Abeykoon, Juergen Thieme and Guimei Wang'

Hosted by: 'Sushil Sharma and Mary Carlucci-Dayton'

In order to produce high quality optics, deposition equipment must be designed with the utmost in stability and flexibility. Limitations encountered with the first generation of APS deposition systems led to new designs, including the NSLS-II MLL Deposition System and three machines at the APS. The goals for the latest machine, called the "Modular Deposition System" are not only to produce a wide variety of multilayer and other thin-film based x-ray optics, but also to allow the APS to initiate an ion-beam figuring (IBF) based mirror surface correction capability. Off-line surface metrology can be utilized for iterative feedback into the fabrication process, however, the prospect of obtaining surface figure information without the need to extract the substrate from the vacuum chamber provides a number of performance advantages such as increased throughput, quasi-real time deposition feedback, and the flexibility to work with reactive materials. By locating the interferometry transmission flat remotely within the UHV system, errors in the measurement induced by environmental factors such as air turbulence and humidity may be minimized. Provisions for a dynamically-actuated aperture will be used to explore methods for 3-D multilayer deposition intended to enable the use of new optical geometries and allow for higher efficiency and mirror figure correction. Multilayer deposition will be the first priority for the machine, while the other features related to metrology, figuring, and the dynamic aperture will be brought online later as they are developed.

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko, Shirish Chodankar, Milinda Abeykoon, Juergen Thieme and Guimei Wang'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: ''Sushil Sharma and Mary Carlucci-Dayton''

High-resolution monochromators (HRMs) are key components at nuclear resonant scattering beamlines, and their development at the APS has been ongoing for decades. They are used to resolve the frequency spectrum of isotope-specific atomic dynamics using nuclear resonant vibrational spectroscopy and to reduce the enormous electronic charge scattering that accompanies nuclear excitation using synchrotron radiation. The latter allowing the measurement of hyperfine fields using synchrotron Moessbauer spectroscopy. The narrow line-widths (neV) associated with nuclear resonances also offer an excellent diagnostic tool for the characterization of HRMs, and have greatly facilitated their development. HRMs with ultra-high energy-resolution exposed the need for greater energy-alignment stability and prompted the development of cryo-stabilization. A recent prototype sub-meV-bandwidth monochromator for hard X-rays that implements cryo-stabilization has been built that displays a 100-fold improvement in energy-alignment stability over other designs. This unprecedented level of control allows one to observe the intrinsic factors that limit the energy resolution obtainable with silicon. I will present the principle design aspects of this prototype along with its performance, and discuss what has been learned.

Hosted by: ''Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar''

Hosted by: 'NSLS-II UEC'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Sushil Sharma and Mary Carlucci-Dayton'

The Hard X-ray Nanoprobe (HXN) beamline at NSLS-II has been designed and constructed to enable imaging experiments with unprecedented spatial resolution and detection sensitivity. The HXN x-ray Microscope is a key instrument for the beamline, providing a suite of experimental capabilities which includes scanning fluorescence, diffraction, differential phase contrast and ptychography utilizing Multilayer Laue Lenses (MLL) and zone plates (ZP) as nanofocusing optics. During this presentation, different phases of the X-ray microscope development process will be reviewed. Various prototype systems designed and constructed prior to completion of the HXN-microscope will be discussed. Experimental data demonstrating ~15 x 15 nm spatial resolution imaging using MLL optics will be presented. I will discuss instrumentational challenges associated with high spatial resolution imaging and will outline future development plans.

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Eli Stavitski'

The search for new or more effective catalysts would benefit from a multiscale science approach bridging the molecular world with the macroscopic world. Such detailed information can be realized if we would have access to a very powerful camera shooting molecular movies of a catalytic solid at work. This is the field of operando spectroscopy and recent breakthroughs in chemical imaging techniques, based on optical, electron and X-ray methods, demonstrate that such molecular movie concept is within reach. This lecture discusses the recent advances in spectroscopy and microscopy of catalytic solids at different length scales, starting from single molecules and single atoms up to the level of individual catalyst particles and ensemble effects in a reactor bed. Special emphasis will be devoted to the exploration of mesoscale effects in catalytic solids.

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Ben Ocko and Shirish Chodankar'

Hosted by: 'Sushil Sharma and Mary Carlucci-Dayton'

During the last decade, we have seen ultra-fast progress in X-ray optics performances. This enhancement is directly linked to the development of the necessary tools to control these optical components. In parallel to the design and construction of new synchrotron radiation sources quite important efforts are required to upgrade existing and develop new x-ray optics that is capable of conditioning powerful x-ray beams with minimum losses of brilliance. In the context of these research and development activities a well-equipped laboratory is absolutely vital. It is now necessary to characterize optical surface figures, slope errors and roughness on meter-long optics over spatial frequencies as short as 0.1 mm and with slope errors reaching less than 100 nrad rms or surface figure errors close to 1 nm to preserve the high brightness made available by third and fourth generation synchrotron/FEL sources like NSLSII or LCLS. The NSLS-II Optical Metrology Laboratory (NSLSII-OML) includes commercial instruments for measuring long spatial frequency figure errors, mid spatial frequencies and high frequency roughness and had developed new instruments to measure slope errors: This talk provides a brief description of the different instruments currently available in the laboratory and gives an overview of the active R&D efforts within the NSLSII-OML.

Visit the National Synchrotron Light Source II, where scientists use intense beams of light to see the inner structure of batteries, proteins, space dust, and more.

Hosted by: 'L. Carr, S. Chodankar and B. Ocko'

Hosted by: 'Sushil Sharma and Mary Carlucci-Dayton'

High performance goals of several facilities at BNL (NSLS-II, RHIC, CFN and future eRHIC) require high mechanical stability of their equipment such as magnets, BPMs, mirrors, monochromators, detectors, and microscopes. The mechanical stability of these components can be compromised by site-wide ground vibrations, local vibration sources (pumps, motors, etc.), and fluctuations in air and water temperatures. This presentation highlights the results of several studies that have been conducted at several BNL sites and facilities over the past five years to characterize the mechanical stability issues and to develop mitigation schemes.

Hosted by: 'L. Carr, S. Chodankar and B. Ocko'

Hosted by: ''Thomas Watson''