Many other ions can be produced if required. We have to know, in advance, what ions and LETs you plan to use. In addition to the maximum energies, ranges and corresponding LETs listed below, lower energies are available for each ion. Charts for range and LET values as a function of energy can be seen by clickingon the links in the LET columns.
Flux can be in the range of 1 particle/cm2/sec to greater than 1 · 106 particles/cm2/sec. |
In Silicon High LET Summary Low LET Summary |
In GaAs High LET Summary Low LET Summary |
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How To Use The Charts Below | ||||||||
Mass | Max Energy |
Surface LET |
Range | Surface LET |
Range | |||
Z | Symbol | AMU | MeV | MeV AMU |
MeV mg/cm2 |
Microns | MeV mg/cm2 |
Microns |
1 | 1H | 1.0079 | 28.75 | 28.52 | 0.0153 | 4550 | 0.0118 | 2610 |
2 | 4He | 6.0029 | 43.2 | 10.80 | 0.131 | 815.0 | 0.098 | 491 |
3 | 7Li | 7.0160 | 57.2 | 8.15 | 0.369 | 390 | 0.273 | 240 |
5 | 11B | 11.0093 | 85.5 | 7.77 | 1.08 | 206.13 | 0.754 | 132.55 |
6 | 12C | 12.0000 | 99.6 | 8.30 | 1.46 | 180.43 | 1.03 | 115.82 |
8 | 16O | 15.9994 | 128 | 8.00 | 2.61 | 137.78 | 1.83 | 88.9 |
9 | 19F | 18.9954 | 142 | 7.48 | 3.51 | 118.88 | 2.45 | 77.12 |
12 | 24Mg | 23.9927 | 161 | 6.71 | 6.01 | 84.16 | 4.17 | 55.13 |
14 | 28Si | 28.0855 | 187 | 6.66 | 7.81 | 77.16 | 5.42 | 50.66 |
17 | 35Cl | 34.9688 | 212 | 6.06 | 11.5 | 64.41 | 7.93 | 42.71 |
20 | 40Ca | 39.9753 | 221 | 5.53 | 15.8 | 51.89 | 10.9 | 34.7 |
22 | 48Ti | 47.9479 | 232 | 4.84 | 19.6 | 47.8 | 13.4 | 32.36 |
24 | 52Cr | 51.9405 | 245 | 4.72 | 22.3 | 45.86 | 15.3 | 31.06 |
26 | 56Fe | 55.9349 | 259 | 4.63 | 25.1 | 44.24 | 17.2 | 30.09 |
28 | 58Ni | 57.9353 | 270 | 4.66 | 27.9 | 44.56 | 19.1 | 30.47 |
29 | 63Cu | 62.9296 | 277 | 4.40 | 30.1 | 42.06 | 20.6 | 28.79 |
32 | 72Ge | 71.9221 | 273 | 3.80 | 35.9 | 37.94 | 24.4 | 26.25 |
35 | 81Br | 80.9163 | 287 | 3.55 | 41.3 | 37.50 | 28.0 | 26.11 |
41 | 93Nb | 92.9060 | 300 | 3.23 | 47.5 | 36.32 | 32.1 | 25.4 |
47 | 107Ag | 106.9051 | 313 | 2.93 | 59.2 | 32.48 | 39.9 | 22.89 |
53 | 127I | 126.9045 | 322 | 2.54 | 66.9 | 32.54 | 45.0 | 23.17 |
79 | 197Au | 196.9665 | 337 | 1.71 | 84.6 | 29.21 | 56.2 | 21.18 |