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Ion Species

Many other ions can be produced if required. We have to know, in advance, what ions and LETs you plan to use. In addition to the maximum energies, ranges and corresponding LETs listed below, lower energies are available for each ion. Charts for range and LET values as a function of energy can be seen by clickingon the links in the LET columns.

Flux can be in the range of 1 particle/cm2/sec
to greater than 1 · 106 particles/cm2/sec.
In Silicon
High LET Summary
Low LET Summary
In GaAs
High LET Summary
Low LET Summary
How To Use The Charts Below
  Mass Max
Energy
Surface
LET
Range Surface
LET
Range
Z Symbol AMU MeV MeV
AMU
MeV
mg/cm2
Microns MeV
mg/cm2
Microns
1 1H 1.0079 28.75 28.52 0.0153 4550 0.0118 2610
2 4He 6.0029 43.2 10.80 0.131 815.0 0.098 491
3 7Li 7.0160 57.2 8.15 0.369 390 0.273 240
5 11B 11.0093 85.5 7.77 1.08 206.13 0.754 132.55
6 12C 12.0000 99.6 8.30 1.46 180.43 1.03 115.82
8 16O 15.9994 128 8.00 2.61 137.78 1.83 88.9
9 19F 18.9954 142 7.48 3.51 118.88 2.45 77.12
12 24Mg 23.9927 161 6.71 6.01 84.16 4.17 55.13
14 28Si 28.0855 187 6.66 7.81 77.16 5.42 50.66
17 35Cl 34.9688 212 6.06 11.5 64.41 7.93 42.71
20 40Ca 39.9753 221 5.53 15.8 51.89 10.9 34.7
22 48Ti 47.9479 232 4.84 19.6 47.8 13.4 32.36
24 52Cr 51.9405 245 4.72 22.3 45.86 15.3 31.06
26 56Fe 55.9349 259 4.63 25.1 44.24 17.2 30.09
28 58Ni 57.9353 270 4.66 27.9 44.56 19.1 30.47
29 63Cu 62.9296 277 4.40 30.1 42.06 20.6 28.79
32 72Ge 71.9221 273 3.80 35.9 37.94 24.4 26.25
35 81Br 80.9163 287 3.55 41.3 37.50 28.0 26.11
41 93Nb 92.9060 300 3.23 47.5 36.32 32.1 25.4
47 107Ag 106.9051 313 2.93 59.2 32.48 39.9 22.89
53 127I 126.9045 322 2.54 66.9 32.54 45.0 23.17
79 197Au 196.9665 337 1.71 84.6 29.21 56.2 21.18